Apparatus for obtaining a soil core sample

ABSTRACT

Soil sampling apparatus for forming and containing a core sample of a predetermined depth of soil into which the soil sampling apparatus is driven. A pair of cooperable, core-defining core tube members are carried on a guide rod and are sequentially driven into the soil to be sampled. The core tube members include angularly positioned panels for increased torsional rigidity, and the apparatus includes structure for permitting remote axial orientation of one core tube member relative to the other core tube member. The core tube members are each pointed at their lower ends to more easily penetrate the soil, and they are individually and sequentially driven into the soil to be sampled. One core tube member includes a pivotable soil sample gate to retain the soil sample within the core tube as the core tube is withdrawn from the soil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the invention

The present invention relates to soil sampling apparatus for obtaining a core sample of a predetermined depth of soil by driving the apparatus into the soil to be sampled. More particularly, the present invention relates to a tubular soil sampling apparatus having two interengaging portions t provide an elongated core of soil, wherein the individual portions are remote from the operator and are separately driven into the soil to be sampled.

2. Description of the related art

Soil sampling devices for providing a core of soil by driving a tubular member into the soil to be sampled are well known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 828,527, which issued on Aug. 14, 1906, to O. P. Ankeny, discloses a soil sampling device including a pair of interengaging, core-defining halves that are individually and sequentially driven into the soil to be sampled. The Ankeny device is adapted to be manually driven into the sand by means of cross-bars or handles that are carried by each of the respective sampler portions.

Another form of soil sampling device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,919,461, which issued Jul. 25, 1933, to R. H. Burke et al. The Burke et. al. patent also discloses a soil core sampling device utilizing a pair of cooperating portions that are individually driven into the earth and then retracted with the core sample contained within the interengaged sampling device portions.

Although the Ankeny and the Burke et. al. devices are suitable for their intended purpose, they are very rudimentary devices and are only usable in instances where the soil to be sampled is immediately accessible to the operator taking the core sample. Thus, if it is desired to take a core sample of soil at the bottom of a body of water, the structures of the Ankeny and Burke et al devices are such that the operator would be required to be standing in the body of water, and to apply driving forces to the ends of the core tube members while they and the operator were below the surface of the water, except for very shallow bodies of water.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art devices and to provide an improved soil core sampling device that can be utilized to provide a core sample of the earth or sediment below a body of water and at a position remote from the operator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly stated, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, soil sampling apparatus is provided for obtaining a core sample of a predetermined depth of soil into which the soil sampling apparatus is driven. The apparatus includes a first elongated core tube member having a longitudinal axis and a first anvil surface for driving the first core tube member into the soil to be sampled.

A second elongated core tube member is provided and is longitudinally slidably engagable with the first core tube member to define therewith a tubular sample holder having an inner volume to receive soil as the tube members are respectively sequentially driven into the soil to be sampled The second core tube member includes a second anvil surface for driving the second core tube member into the soil to be sampled.

An elongated guide rod is connected with the first core tube member and extends substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the first core tube member. A holder is provided for holding the second core tube member, wherein the holder is carried by the guide rod for longitudinal sliding movement therealong and for guiding the second elongated core tube member into cooperative engagement with the first core tube member.

A drive weight is provided and is removably carried by the guide rod for longitudinal movement along the guide rod, and for striking the respective anvil surfaces of the first and second core tube members for sequentially driving the first and second core tube members into the soil to be sampled.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view, in perspective, showing the several elements of one form of soil sampling apparatus in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of the lowermost portion of the soil sampling apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, showing a sample gate for retaining the soil sample within the apparatus during removal of the apparatus from the soil into which it has been driven.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first core tube member, looking upwardly and inwardly to show the inner structure of the first core tube member and the arrangement for connection with the guide rod that forms part of the soil apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first core tube member, looking downwardly and inwardly, and a portion of a second core tube member before connection of the guide rod with the first core tube member.

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the interconnections with the guide rod of the first and second core tube members.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing in assembled form the first and second core tube members of the soil sampling apparatus shown in FIG. 1, for defining and enclosing a soil sample to be withdrawn from a mass of soil.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, there are shown the several parts of a soil sampling apparatus in accordance with the present invention, in which the several parts of the apparatus ar shown in their relative operative positions immediately before the apparatus is driven into soil to be sampled. A core sample tube 10 of rectangular cross section is defined by a first core tube member 12, and a second core tube member 14. The respective core tube members 12 and 14 are shown displaced from each other in FIG. 1, but are shown in engaged, assembled condition in FIG. 6.

First core tube member 12 includes first and second longitudinally extending rectangular panel members 16 and 18, respectively, which are preferably positioned at right angles to each other and are joined along a longitudinally extending edge or corner 20. First panel member 16 includes a flange 22 that extends perpendicularly from and along the free longitudinal edge of panel member 16 and is substantially parallel with second panel member 18. Similarly, second panel member 18 includes a flange 24 that extends perpendicularly from and along the free longitudinal edge of panel member 18 and is substantially parallel with first panel member 16. Additionally, first core tube member 12 is so configured that the lowermost edges 26, 28 of panel members 16 and 18, respectively, are inclined to define a pointed lower end 30 to facilitate driving first core tube member 12 into the soil to be sampled.

Second core tube member 14 is configured similarly to first core tube member 12 in that it includes first and second panel members 32 and 34 that are positioned at right angles to each other and that are joined along a longitudinally extending edge or corner 36. Unlike first core tube member 12, however, second core tube member 14 does not include any longitudinal flanges. Additionally second core tube member 14 is so sized as to be longitudinally slidably received within first core tube member 12 so that the outer longitudinal edges of each of panels 32 and 34 are adjacent to and preferably in contact with the inwardly facing surfaces of flanges 22 and 24, respectively, of first core tube member 12. As was the case for first core tube member 12, second core tube member 14 is also so configured as to provide a pointed lower end 40 by inclining the lowermost edges 42 and 44 of side panels 32 and 34, respectively. With respect to each of first core tube member 12 and second core tube member 14, the two-sided angular structure provides core tube members having greater strength and greater torsional rigidity, as compared with core tube members that are merely curved in transverse cross section.

In use, first core tube member 12 is first driven into the soil to be sampled in a direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of core tube member 12, and then second core tube member 14 is positioned as shown in FIG. 1 and then is also driven in the same direction into the soil to be sampled to, in essence, cut from the body of soil a longitudinally extending sample having a square cross section. First and second core tube members 12 and 14 are in the relative positions shown in FIG. 6 and are then withdrawn together from the soil to be sampled, with a soil sample therebetween, whereupon the core tube members can be separated to remove the soil sample for analysis, if desired.

Retention of the soil sample within the assembled first and second core tube members 12 and 14, which when assembled are disposed as shown in FIG. 6, is accomplished by providing a sample gate 46, which is shown seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. In that regard, sample gate 46 is preferably pivotally connected with the innermost face of panel 16, by a hinge 47, or the like, and at a position adjacent the lowermost end of first core member 12, but spaced slightly above the lowermost end of flange member 22. Thus, as first core tube member 12 is driven into the soil to be sampled, sample gate 46 is initially pivoted in the direction shown by arrows 48 in each of FIGS. 1 and 2. Upon attempted withdrawal together of the first and second core tube members 12 and 14 after each has been driven into the soil to be sampled, sample gate 46 is urged by the moving soil within the tube member 10 in the opposite direction from that represented by arrow 48, so that soil contained within the assembled core tube member is restrained from sliding downwardly and outwardly along the respective core tube members 12 and 14 toward pointed lower ends 30 and 40.

Referring once again to FIG. 1, first core tube member 12 carries at its uppermost end a first anvil member 50, which as shown extends transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of first core tube member 12. Anvil member 50 includes a central body portion 52 adapted to be received within the interior of first core tube member 12 at the uppermost end thereof. Anvil member 50 includes an end cap 51 positioned above and in contact with body portion 52, and that extends outwardly to overlie the uppermost edges of each of panel members 16 and 18 of first core tube member 12, so that the uppermost surface 54 of anvil member 50 is positioned to receive impact forces that are applied to cause first core tube member 12 to be driven into and to penetrate the soil to be sampled. End cap 51 serves to simultaneously transfer to the uppermost edges of each of panels 16 and 18 the forces of the driving blows applied to uppermost surface 54 of anvil member 50. As is apparent from FIGS. 3 and 4, sidewalls 55, 57 of end cap 51 that do not abut either of side panels 16 or 18 are spaced inwardly of flanges 22 and 24, in order to permit second core tube member 14 to slide over those side surfaces during use of the device, as will hereinafter be explained. Additionally, as is evident in FIG. 5, a lateral gap between flange 24 and sidewall 55 defines a slot to longitudinally slidably receive the free longitudinal edge of second panel member 34 of second core tube member 14. A similar slot is defined by the lateral gap between flange 22 and sidewall 57.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a tubular sleeve 58 extends upwardly from and is non-rotatably and securely connected with first anvil member 50. One suitable form of connection is welding. Sleeve 58 is coaxial with core sample tube 10 and includes an inner bore 59 (see FIG. 5) to receive a connecting bolt 60, that extends into and beyond bore 59. Sleeve 58 also includes an externally threaded end member 61 that engages with an internally threaded blind opening 63 in one end of a positioning ring 65. Blind opening 63 has a limited depth that is sufficient to cause connecting bolt 60 to bottom out before positioning ring 65 can be brought into tight contact with sleeve 58, to enable positioning ring 65 to be freely rotatable relative to sleeve 58. The amount of axial play between positioning ring 65 and sleeve 58 can be of the order of about 1/32 inch or so, to insure free relative rotation therebetween.

The outer surface of positioning ring 65 is cylindrical and has a radius substantially equal to the radius of the outer cylindrical surface of sleeve 58, to present a substantially smooth, continuous outer surface when sleeve 58 and positioning ring 65 are assembled.

Positioning ring 65 includes an externally threaded upper end 66 that is received in a threaded bore 67 in the lower end of guide rod 56, so that positioning ring 65 can be securely connected with rod 56 to cause those two parts to move together after assembly. Additionally, positioning ring 65 and sleeve 58 each include a longitudinally extending external ridge or key member 68, 69, respectively, each key member having the same transverse cross-sectional size and shape so that when the key members are aligned with each other they present a continuous, uniform key structure for the purpose to be hereinafter described. Thus, when the parts are assembled as illustrated in FIG. 5, guide rod 56 and attached positioning ring 65 are rotatable as a unit relative to sleeve 58 and attached first core tube member 12.

Second core tube member 14 is supported on guide rod 56 in the position shown in FIG. 1 by a holder in the form of an orientation collar 70 that is slidably received on guide rod 56 to permit second core tube member 14 to be axially movable along guide rod 56. Referring once again to FIG. 5, collar 70 extends transversely relative to second core tube member 14, preferably at a point adjacent to but spaced from lowermost edge 44. Collar 70 is removably connected with second core tube member 14 by means of a frangible connector 76 in the form of a pin, rivet, or screw. Frangible connector 76 extends through an aperture in second core tube member 14, such as at edge 36 as shown, and is securely received in collar 70, such as in a threaded bore, or the like, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Frangible connector 76 can advantageously be made from a plastic material, such as, for example, nylon, or the like, to firmly connect second core tube member 14 collar 70, but which can be sheared when a shear force of sufficient magnitude is applied at the uppermost end of second core tube member 14 to cause connector 76 to be sheared. After connector 76 has been sheared, the connection between second core tube member 14 and collar 70 is released, to permit movement of second core tube member 14 in an axial direction relative to 56, as will be hereinafter described.

Collar 70 includes a central opening 72 that extends in the direction of the axis of core sample tube 10 to permit collar 70 to be freely slidable along guide rod 56. Central opening 72 includes a radially extending guide slot 74 that has a cross section corresponding in shape and area with the cross sections of key members 68 and 69, to permit collar 70 and attached second core tube member 14 to be slidably moved along guide rod 56 as a unit, toward and away from first core tube member 12.

Referring once again to FIG. 1, although there shown as separated from second core tube member 14 for purposes of clarity of illustration, a second anvil member 88 is provided, and is also slidably received on guide rod 56. Second anvil member 88 overlies second core tube member 14 and is constructed in a manner similar to first anvil member 50, in that it includes a body portion 90 and an end cap 92 that extends laterally to overlie the uppermost edges of panels 32 and 34 of second core tube member 14.

Slidably carried on guide rod 56 above second anvil member 88 is a drive weight 94, to the upper end of which is connected a chain or rope to permit drive weight 94 to be lifted and moved upwardly along guide rod 56. Upward movement of drive weight 94 is restricted by a removably attached end cap 98 that has a radially extending flange of sufficient extent to bear against the uppermost end of drive weight 94, to permit the entire soil sampling assembly as shown in FIG. 1 to be lifted by pulling upwardly on chain 96 until the uppermost end of drive weight 94 contacts end cap 98.

In operation, the several parts of the apparatus are arranged relative to each other as shown in FIG. 1, except that second core tube member 14, along with associated holder 62 and second anvil member 88, are initially not present on guide rod 56. The apparatus in its initial condition therefore includes only first core tube member 12 and attached first anvil member 50, guide rod 56, and drive weight 94.

The apparatus is positioned above the soil surface into which the core tube members are intended to be driven for extracting a soil sample. Pointed lower end 30 of first core tube member 12 is brought into contact with the surface of the soil, and downward movement of first core tube member 12 into the soil to be sampled is effected by alternately lifting and dropping drive weight 94 so that it acts as a hammer and provides impact forces against the uppermost surface 54 of first anvil member 50, thereby driving first core tube member 12 into the soil to be sampled.

When the desired depth of penetration of first core member 12 has been achieved, end cap 98 is removed from guide rod 56 and drive weight 94 is lifted and is withdrawn from guide rod 56. Collar 70, together with attached second core tube member 14, is then slipped onto guide rod 56 so that second anvil member 88, second core tube member 14, and collar 70 slide downwardly together, as a unit, along guide rod 56 until the lowermost portion of collar 70 contacts the uppermost transverse surface of key 68 extending from positioning ring 65.

Proper orientation of second core tube member 14 relative to first core tube member 12 is accomplished by first rotating guide rod 56 about its own axis, which simultaneously rotates connected positioning ring 65. When guide slot 74 on collar 70 is aligned with key 68 on positioning ring 65, collar 70 will slide downward until its lowermost surface contacts the uppermost surface of key 69 on sleeve 58, assuming keys 68 and 69 are not themselves aligned. At that point collar 70 surrounds positioning ring 65. During the rotation operation, first core tube member 12 remains stationary because it has been driven into the soil, and second core tube member remains substantially stationary because of the drag effect imposed thereon by the surrounding water, when the device is used for underwater sampling, and by the inertia of the second core tube member when the device is otherwise used for in-ground sampling.

After collar 70 surrounds and is drivingly engaged with positioning ring 65, guide rod 56 is again rotated, to cause collar 70, second core tube member 14, and positioning ring 65 to rotate as a unit, until key 68 comes into alignment with key 69. When keys 68 and 69 are aligned, collar 70 and attached second core tube member 14 will descend along sleeve 5 until the lowermost surface of collar 70 comes into contact with the uppermost surface 54 of first anvil member 50. At that point second core tube member 14 will be in proper endwise orientation with first core tube member 12. When the core tube members are in that position, the free longitudinal edges of panels 32 and 34 of second core tube member 14 are aligned with the slot defined between flange member 22 and side wall 57 of end cap 51, and the slot defined between flange member 24 and side wall 55 of end cap 51, respectively.

Drive weight 94 is then slipped onto guide rod 56, after initially removing end cap 98, whereupon end cap 98 is reapplied to the uppermost end of guide rod 56. Weight 94 is again alternately raised and allowed to drop, now to fall against the uppermost surface of second anvil member 88, to shear frangible connector 76 and thereby allow separation of second core tube member 14 from collar 70. Continued blows from drive weight 94 against second anvil member 88 cause second core tube member 14 to be driven into the soil to be sampled, and into cooperative engagement with first core tube member 12 to ultimately assume the relative orientation of the core tube members as shown in FIG. 6.

After second core tube member 14 has been driven the desired distance into the soil, drive weight 94 is lifted until its uppermost surface engages end cap 98. Repeatedly pulling drive weight 94 upwardly against end cap 98 in a series of hammer-like blows serves to slowly remove the entire assembly of guide rod 56 and associated core sample tube 10 from the soil to be sampled, with the soil core sample contained within the tubular structure 10 defined by interengaged first and second core tube members 12 and 14. As was noted earlier, the soil sample is retained within the core tube by means of sample gate 46, which serves to prevent the soil sample from sliding downwardly as the core tube is withdrawn.

It will be apparent that the present invention provides distinct advantages over the prior art arrangements, in that it permits simplified extraction of a soil core sample remotely, for example from beneath the surface of a body of water. In the latter case, guide rod 56 must be of sufficient length to extend from a vessel on the surface of the body of water to the surface of the soil below the body of water. Additionally, the present invention can provide a soil sample of a desired depth below the soil surface by providing first and second core tube member of sufficient axial length.

Although the right-angled core tube members illustrated herein define a square tube, they can also be so configured as to form a rectangular or diamond shaped soil core cross section, if desired. In any event, use of two angled core tube members provides increased torsional rigidity to each of the core tube members, which facilitates driving the members into difficult-to-penetrate soils. Moreover, because each of the core tube members includes a pointed lower end, penetration of the core tube members into the soil to be sampled is greatly facilitated.

Although particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is therefore intended to encompass within the appended claims all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Soil sampling apparatus for obtaining a core sample of a predetermined depth of soil into which the soil sampling apparatus is driven, said apparatus comprising:a) a first elongated core tube member having a longitudinal axis and a first anvil surface for driving the first core tube member into soil to be sampled; b) a second elongated core tube member longitudinally slidably engageable with the first core tube member to define therewith a tubular sample holder having an inner volume to receive soil as the tube members are respectively sequentially driven into the soil to be sampled, the second core tube member including a second anvil surface for driving the second core tube member into the soil to be sampled; c) an elongated guide rod connected with the first core tube member and extending substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the first core tube member; d) a holder connected with the second core tube member for holding the second core tube member, the holder engaging with and carried by the guide rod for longitudinal sliding movement along the guide rod and for positioning the second elongated core tube member so it can be axially guided into cooperative engagement with the first core tube member; and e) a drive weight removably carried by the guide rod for longitudinal movement along the guide rod and for sequentially striking the respective anvil surfaces of the first and second core tube members for sequentially driving the first and second core tube members into the soil to be sampled.
 2. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including a sample gate pivotably carried on a interior surface of one of the first core tube member and the second core tube member for pivotal movement into an inner volume defined by the core tube members when they are engaged to define the tubular sample holder after the tube members have been driven into the soil to be sampled, to block egress of the soil from the sample holder as the sample holder is being withdrawn from the soil to be sampled.
 3. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein each of the first and second core tube members has a pointed lower end to facilitate entry of the core tube members into the soil to be sampled.
 4. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first core tube member includes a pair of laterally spaced, longitudinally extending flange members that are engagable by longitudinal edges of the second core tube member to define a core tube.
 5. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein the core tube is of rectangular cross section.
 6. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the holder is connected with the second core tube member by a frangible connection.
 7. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein the frangible connection is a shear pin that extends between and interconnects the holder with the second core tube member.
 8. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein the shear pin is a nylon pin.
 9. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the holder includes a guide slot for engagement with an axially extending key carried by the guide rod for orienting the second core tube member relative to the first core tube member to permit cooperative engagement of the core tube members as the second core tube member is driven into the soil to be sampled.
 10. Soil sampling apparatus in accordance with claim 9 wherein the guide rod includes a pair of axially extending key members, wherein the key members are capable of relative rotation about the guide rod axis to facilitate orientation of the second core tube member relative to the first core tube member. 